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Sumy Oblast

Coordinates: 51°00′N 34°00′E / 51.000°N 34.000°E / 51.000; 34.000
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Sumy Oblast
Сумська область
Oblast
Sumska oblast[1]
Flag of Sumy Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Sumy Oblast
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Сумщина (Sumshchyna)
Country Ukraine
Administrative centerSumy
Government
 • GovernorVolodymyr Artyukh
 • Oblast council64[2] seats
 • ChairpersonViktor Fedorchenko
Area
 • Total
23,834 km2 (9,202 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 16th
Population
 (2022)[3]
 • Total
Decrease 1,035,772
 • RankRanked 19th
GDP
[4]
 • Total₴ 105 billion
(€2.7 billion)
 • Per capita₴ 100,760
(€2,600)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
40000-41999
Area code+380-54
ISO 3166 codeUA-59
Raions18
Cities (total)15
• Regional cities7
Urban-type settlements20
Villages1492
HDI (2022)0.737[5]
high
FIPS 10-4UP21
NUTS statistical regions of UkraineUA12
Websitesorada.gov.ua

Sumy Oblast (Ukrainian: Сумська область, romanized: Sumska oblast), also known as Sumshchyna (Сумщина), is an oblast (province) in northeast Ukraine. The oblast was created in its modern-day form, from the merging of raions from Kharkiv Oblast, Chernihiv Oblast, and Poltava Oblast in 1939 by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The estimated population is 1,035,772 (2022 estimate).[3]

The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Sumy. Other important cities within the oblast include Konotop, Okhtyrka, Romny, and Shostka. The modern region combines territories of the historical Severia (northern part) and Sloboda Ukraine (southern part). On territory of the Sumy Oblast important centers of Ukrainian culture are located, such as the city of Hlukhiv which served as a hetman residence during the Cossack Hetmanate as well as the cities of Okhtyrka and Sumy which were regional centers of the Sloboda Ukraine.

The oblast has a heavy mix of agriculture and industry, with over 600 industrial locations. Among the most notable was the Soviet film stock manufacturer Svema in Shostka. Importantly, seven rivers pass through the oblast.

Geography

[edit]

The Sumy Oblast is situated in the northeastern part of Ukraine. In Ukraine it borders Chernihiv Oblast to its west, Poltava Oblast – southwest, and Kharkiv Oblast – southeast. To its east Sumy Oblast borders the Russian Federation including Bryansk on the northeast, Kursk and Belgorod on the east. The length of the state border with the Russian Federation is 563.8 km (350.3 mi). There are three railway border crossing (Volfine, Pushkarne, Zernove) and five highway border crossings (Bachivsk, Katerynivka, Ryzhivka, Yunakivka, Velyka Pysarivka). In regard to border crossings, since 2006 the city of Sumy has an airport which has an international checkpoint.

On its territory the Dnieper Lowland transitions east to the Central Russian Upland. The northern part of Sumy Oblast is part of the Polesie Lowland as its eastern region. Elevation is 110–240 m above sea level.[6] Its area (23,800 km2) constitutes 3.95% of the country.

Seven main rivers flow through the oblast, with Desna River being the largest.[6] All of them are transit because crossing the oblast flowing from the territory of the Russian Federation west towards Dnieper. All rivers in Sumy Oblast are part of the Dnieper River basin.

The Sumy Oblast contains 168 objects and territories of natural reserve. The oblast is rich in picturesque banks of numerous rivers, and sources of mineral waters. Major environmental problems are: soil erosion, pesticide pollution, air and water pollution. The city has a problem of garbage utilization. The only place for pesticide utilization in Ukraine[citation needed] is Shostka, Sumy Oblast.

History

[edit]
NBU commemorative coin dedicated to Sumy region

The region was created on the ukase of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on 10 January 1939 as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The newly created Sumy Oblast included 12 former raions of Kharkiv Oblast, 17 former raions of Chernihiv Oblast, and 2 former raions of Poltava Oblast.

During World War II in 1941–43, it was occupied by Nazi Germany under administration of the German Wehrmacht. After the German forces were driven out, the Soviet Union regained control of the region under jurisdiction of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

In 1965 one of former Chernihiv Oblast raions (Talalaivka Raion) was returned to Chernihiv Oblast.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the Sumy Oblast was one of the first regions where Russian and Ukrainian forces clashed.[7][8][9] Parts of the oblast came under Russian occupation during the invasion. On 4 April 2022 Governor of Sumy Oblast Dmytro Zhyvytskyi stated that Russian troops no longer occupied any towns or villages in Sumy Oblast and had mostly withdrawn, while Ukrainian troops were working to push out the remaining units.[10] On 8 April 2022 Zhyvytskyi stated that all Russian troops had left Sumy Oblast.[11]

On 9 June 2024, amid Russian cross-border operations in neighboring Kharkiv Oblast, Russian forces claimed to have attacked and captured the border village of Ryzhivka, though this was denied by Ukrainian authorities.[12][13]

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, ethnic Ukrainians accounted for 88.8% of the population of Sumy Oblast, and ethnic Russians for 9.4%.[14][15]

Language

[edit]
See also: Languages of Ukraine
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ukrainian was the native language for over 83% of Sumy Oblast's population: it was the dominant language in the absolute majority of the city, town, and village councils of the oblast. Russian was dominant in several differently-sized zones near the border with Russia. Approximately 40% of the predominantly Russian-speaking local councils had a significant Ukrainian-speaking minority, which accounted for over 20% of the local population.

Due to the Russification of Ukraine during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Sumy Oblast gradually decreased, while the share of Russian speakers increased.[16] Native language of the population of Sumy Oblast according to the results of population censuses:[17][18][19][20][21][22]

1959 1970 1989 2001
Ukrainian 82.0% 80.7% 78.1% 83.3%
Russian 17.6% 18.9% 21.4% 15.5%
Other 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.4%

Native language of the population of the raions, cities, and city councils of Sumy Oblast according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[23]

Ukrainian Russian
Sumy Oblast 83.3% 15.5%
Sumy (city council) 77.4% 20.2%
Okhtyrka (city council) 87.1% 10.0%
Hlukhiv (city council) 83.3% 16.4%
Konotop (city council) 86.4% 13.0%
Lebedyn (city council) 93.3% 6.5%
Romny (city council) 94.0% 5.7%
City of Shostka 60.8% 35.7%
Okhtyrka Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 96.2% 3.3%
Bilopillia Raion 93.8% 5.4%
Buryn Raion 96.9% 2.5%
Velyka Pysarivka Raion 72.6% 27.0%
Hlukhiv Raion 78.1% 21.7%
Konotop Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 97.4% 2.2%
Krasnopillia Raion 93.0% 6.5%
Krolevets Raion 95.8% 3.8%
Lebedyn Raion 96.1% 3.5%
Lypova Dolyna Raion 97.7% 1.9%
Nedryhailiv Raion 97.7% 1.9%
Putyvl Raion 38.7% 61.0%
Romny Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 97.6% 2.0%
Seredyna-Buda Raion 20.8% 79.1%
Sumy Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 93.8% 5.5%
Trostianets Raion 86.1% 13.3%
Shostka Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 86.5% 12.9%
Yampil Raion 82.5% 16.9%

Ukrainian is the only official language on the whole territory of Sumy Oblast.[24]

According to a poll conducted by Rating from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 60% of the residents of Sumy Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 22% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 10% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 8% found it difficult to answer.[25]

On 26 April 2023, Sumy Oblast Military Administration approved the «Programme for the Development of the Ukrainian Language in All Spheres of Public Life in Sumy Oblast for 2023—2027», the main objective of which is to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast.[26]

According to the research of the Content Analysis Centre, conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of social media, 75.0% of posts from Sumy Oblast were written in Ukrainian (72.5% in 2023, 55.9% in 2022, 19.4% in 2020), while 25.0% were written in Russian (27.5% in 2023, 44.1% in 2022, 80.6% in 2020).[27][28]

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Sumy Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual Ukrainization of the education system, which had been Russified[29] during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the languages of instruction in general secondary education institutions in Sumy Oblast:[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

Language of instruction,
% of pupils		 1991—
1992		 1992—
1993		 1993—
1994		 1994—
1995		 1995—
1996		 2000—
2001		 2005—
2006		 2007—
2008		 2010—
2011		 2012—
2013		 2015—
2016		 2018—
2019		 2021—
2022		 2022—
2023
Ukrainian 48.5% 49.0% 55.8% 59.7% 63.0% 83.0% 93.0% 95.0% 96.0% 96.0% 96.0% 98.0% 99.88% 100.0%
Russian 51.5% 51.0% 44.2% 40.3% 37.0% 17.0% 7.0% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.12% —

According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the 2023—2024 school year, all 91,513 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Sumy Oblast were studying in classes where Ukrainian was the language of instruction.[37]

Students of the Sumy Oblast Pedagogical University

Age structure

[edit]
0-14 years: 12.7% Increase (male 74,529/female 70,521)
15-64 years: 70.8% Decrease (male 386,250/female 422,077)
65 years and over: 16.5% Steady (male 60,374/female 127,306) (2013 official)[citation needed]

Median age

[edit]
total: 42.0 years Increase
male: 38.6 years Increase
female: 45.4 years Increase (2013 official)[citation needed]

Part of Sumy Oblast including the village of Novenke is currently occupied by Russia in its incursion into the province.[38]

Points of interest

[edit]

The following historic-cultural sited were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine.

  • Monument to a Mammoth (Kulishivka)
  • Kruhlyi dvir (Round court)
  • Sofroniiv Monastery

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Sumy Oblast

It comprises 5 raions (districts) that are further subdivided into 51 territorial hromadas (communities).

The following data incorporates the number of each type of administrative divisions of the Sumy Oblast:

The local administration of the oblast is controlled by the Sumy Oblast council. The governor of the oblast (chairman of state regional administration) is appointed by the President of Ukraine.

Districts

[edit]
Name Coat of arms Administrative center Population (thousands) On the map Admin. structure
Konotopskiy Konotop 204.2 Admin. structure
Okhtyrsky Okhtyrka 125.6 Admin. structure
Romensky Romny 113.7 Admin. structure
Sumy Sumy 449.4 Admin. structure
Shostka Shostka 188.5 Admin. structure
Detailed map of Sumy Oblast
Block of 4 stamps "Beauty and greatness of Ukraine. Sumy region" (2018)

Districts in cities

[edit]
No. District Entry
1 Zarichy city Sumy
2 Kovpakiv city Sumy

Liquidated districts

[edit]

More: Administrative divisions of Sumy Oblast

Economy

[edit]

Industry

[edit]

The main industrial activities of the oblast are: chemical mechanical engineering, pumping and energy mechanical engineering, agricultural machine-construction, instrument-making industry and radio electronics, technical equipment production for processing fields of agro-industrial complexes, mining and iron ore production industry, polygraph industry and medicine production, oil and gas processing, chemical production, film and photo material production (See: Svema), and chemical fertilizer production. In general, there are 273 large industry enterprises and 327 small industry enterprises.

Agriculture

[edit]

In 1999, the gross grain yield was about 446,000 tons, sugar beets – 664,000 tons, sunflower seeds – 27,700 tons, potatoes – 343,600 tons. The region also produced 108,700 tons of meat, 517,800 tons of milk and 295,300,000 eggs. At the beginning of 1999, there were 781 registered farms in the oblast.

Notable people from Sumy Oblast

[edit]

Nomenclature

[edit]

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Sumy is the center of the Sums’ka oblast (Sumy Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with the Sumy Oblast, Sumshchyna.

See also: Romanization of Ukrainian
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See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use (PDF). scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 6 October 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  2. ^ (in Ukrainian) List of members of the Sumy Regional Council of the Sixth Convocation Archived 1 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Official website Sumy Parliament
  3. ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  4. ^ "Валовии регіональнии продукт".
  5. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
  6. ^ a b "ІNVESTMENT PASSPORT of Sumy oblast" (PDF). investukraine.com. State Agency for Investment and National Projects of Ukraine. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Украинские пограничники сообщили об атаке границы со стороны России и Белоруссии". Interfax. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  8. ^ "Войска России на севере Украины продвинулись вглубь до пяти километров – Арестович". Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Перші три дні повномасштабної російсько-української війни (текстовий онлайн) | Громадське телебачення". Hromadske (in Ukrainian). 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  10. ^ Russian troops no longer hold any settlements in Ukraine's Sumy region, says governor, National Post (4 April 2022)
  11. ^ Sumy region liberated from Russian troops, Ukrayinska Pravda (8 April 2022)
  12. ^ "Кадыров заявил, что войска РФ захватили село в Сумской области".
  13. ^ "Ukrainian official denies Russian troops take border village in northeast". Reuters. 10 June 2024.
  14. ^ (in Ukrainian) Етнічний склад населення України, 2001 рік
  15. ^ Банк даних, перепис 2001 року
  16. ^ "Динамика численности этнических украинцев в УССР: на основе итогов Всесоюзных переписей населения 1959 г., 1970 г. и 1979 г." (in Russian). Archived from the original on 29 June 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  17. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193
  18. ^ Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984
  19. ^ Чорний С. Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)
  20. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973
  21. ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  22. ^ "Перепис 1989. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою (0,1)". Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  23. ^ "Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою, Сумська область". Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  24. ^ "Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  25. ^ "«ПОРТРЕТИ РЕГІОНІВ»: ПІДСУМКИ. Зведені дані, порівняльний аналіз між областями" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Рейтинг. 26 December 2018.
  26. ^ "Про Програму розвитку української мови в усіх сферах суспільного життя Сумської області на 2023—2027 роки" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Сумська обласна військова адміністрація. 26 April 2023.
  27. ^ "Частка дописів українською мовою в соцмережах зросла до 56 %, — Центр контент-аналізу" (in Ukrainian). 28 October 2024.
  28. ^ ""Радикальний прогрес". У соцмережах української стало набагато більше, — дослідження" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  29. ^ Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.
  30. ^ «Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. "Джерело". pics.livejournal.com. Retrieved 26 December 2024.
  31. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2008 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  32. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2012 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  33. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2018 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  34. ^ Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2021 році. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 7 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024. — Сайт Державної служби статистики України. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  35. ^ Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2022 році. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024. — Сайт Державної служби статистики України. Державна служба статистики України (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  36. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2022 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  37. ^ "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2023 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024. — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  38. ^ "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 9, 2025". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
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51°00′N 34°00′E / 51.000°N 34.000°E / 51.000; 34.000

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